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Language & Grammar

Inclusive & Antiracist Language

Inclusive language means paying attention to the ways that language can be, and has been, used to exclude people or groups of people鈥攚hether intentionally or unintentionally. It is also about understanding that language is always changing. Rather than giving you a list of perceived best terms, this resource aims to help you think more intentionally about the words you choose.

Note: while most of the following content has been adapted from guides on inclusive writing鈥攑articularly the 鈥攐ur thinking around inclusive language should also include spoken language.

Principles of inclusive and antiracist writing

  • Question assumptions, generalizations and perceived 鈥渘orms鈥濃攅specially the ones we have never noticed before.
  • Choose words thoughtfully and carefully.
  • Seek feedback from external readers, especially those whose experiences differ from your own.
  • Try to remember that receiving feedback鈥攅specially critical feedback鈥攊s an opportunity to learn more and improve your craft.

Gender identity and sexual orientation

When writing about gender identity and sexual orientation, here are some guidelines to keep in mind:

  Instead of... Try....
Avoid heteronormative assumptions "The child's mother or father..." "The child's parent or guardian..."
Avoid dismissing people's identities as preferences "Sexual preferences," "preferred pronouns" "Sexual orientation," "pronouns"
Avoid unneccessarily gendered terms "We'll need more manpower..." "We'll need more staff..."
Ensure your language is inclusive of those who identify as nonbinary "Welcome, ladies and gentlemen!" "Welcome, everyone!"
Separate biology/anatomy from gender "Women sometimes experience cramps before or during their period..." 鈥淧eople who menstruate sometimes experience cramps before or during their period鈥︹

Quick tip: If gender is relevant to your topic, make it visible in your writing. But if your topic has nothing to do with a specific gender, make it invisible (genderless).

Resources for a deeper dive

Black peoples, Indigenous Peoples, People(s) of Colour (BIPOC)

When writing on or about equity-deserving groups, here are some things to keep in mind:

  • Do your research: BIPOC have historically been misrepresented in and harmed by written texts. Ensure that you do your due diligence to learn about language, terminology and relevant style conventions, and that you are writing with as much accuracy as you can.
  • Be specific: Write specifically and directly about the experiences of particular people or groups of people, rather than making broad generalizations.
    • For example, if your story is about the experiences of Black community members, say 鈥淏lack鈥 instead of 鈥淏IPOC鈥; when writing about a specific Indigenous person or Nation, name that Nation rather than using a blanket term such as 鈥淚ndigenous.鈥
  • Choose words with care: Think carefully about the meaning of  before defaulting to them. For example, the term 鈥淎frican American鈥 should not be used without consideration, as not all Black people identify as African and/or American.

Quick tip: When writing about Indigenous Peoples and languages, avoid using phrases that imply possession鈥攅.g. say 鈥淚ndigenous Peoples in Canada鈥 instead of 鈥淐anada鈥檚 Indigenous Peoples.鈥 Indigneous Peoples do not belong to Canada, nor do their languages.

Resources for a deeper dive

Ableism, disability, mental health and neurodiversity

  • Think critically about relevance: Often, a person鈥檚 disability, mental health or neurodiverse status is not relevant to the matter being discussed. When writing, ask yourself if the inclusion of this information is necessary, or if doing so would reinforce negative stereotypes or otherwise cause harm.
  • Frame ideas carefully: when writing about disability, mental health or neurodivergence, avoid using words that carry value judgements and/or framing these aspects of the human experiences as deficits or abnormal
    • For example:
      • Say 鈥渨heelchair user鈥 rather than 鈥渨heelchair-bound person鈥
      • Avoid the terms 鈥渄efect,鈥 鈥渟uffers from,鈥 鈥渧ictim鈥 and 鈥渟truggle鈥
  • Learn about person-first and identity-first language 
    • When working with story subjects from any of these communities, ensure that you ask about and respect their preferences for person-first vs. identity-first language.
      • Person-first language focuses on the person before providing a label鈥攅.g. 鈥減erson with autism鈥. 
      • Identity-first language emphasizes that someone鈥檚 disability is a part of who they are, and is not a shameful designation鈥攅.g. 鈥渁utistic person".

Resources for a deeper dive